The estimate index of codon bias

Question

[wangdp123]

Hi there,

Could anybody suggest a number of indexes for measuring the codon bias of each gene in a genome without the expression data?

I know one of the most famous indexes is CAI (Codon adaptation Index) but this will need a prior knowledge of a group of high-expressed genes. But what if the genome doesn't have any expression data. In this case, how to measure the codon bias in a more efficient way?

I also know ENc is the simplest one. Any other newly-developed ones come up?

Thanks a lot,

Tom