Dan Graur wrote a commentary, which would serve as the shortest and to-the-point introduction. It covers almost every technical term related to the topic.
Mutations (Synonymous, Nonsynonymous, Silent, Noisy, Sense, Nonsense, Missense, Neutral, Advantageous, Deleterious): A Short Primer (Synonymous ≠ Silent ≠ Neutral)
Point mutations in protein-coding regions are heritable DNA changes in
which one nucleotide is substituted by another in any one of the three
codon positions. Point mutations in protein-coding regions can be
divided into synonymous and nonsynymous. Because in the great majority
of cases, synonymous changes do not alter the amino acid sequence of
the protein encoded by the mutated sequence and are, therefore, not
detectable at the amino acid level, the terms synonymous and silent
mutation are often used interchangeably in the literature. Often,
synonymous mutations are also treated as neutral mutations, i.e.,
mutations that do not affect fitness. Thus, in many publications,
synonymous = silent = neutral.
SNIP....
I have written this short essay as an educational service hoping that
beginners in the field of molecular evolution, such as ENCODE’s “lead
analysts,” “scientific managers,” “members of the writing group,” and
“members of the steering committee,” may learn a thing of two about
proper evolutionary nomenclature and logic. I am not, however, very
optimistic. Paraphrasing my late mother, explaining basic definitions
and principles to the “badly trained technicians” of ENCODE may be as
difficult as “explaining the principles of the lunar calendar to a
cow.”
For bigger intro, you may have to sit down and read his book or other related books -
http://www.amazon.com/Fundamentals-Molecular-Evolution-Dan-Graur/dp/0878932666
I have not read his book, but you can check the content and chapter 2 below before deciding on whether to buy.
http://www.sinauer.com/media/wysiwyg/tocs/FundamentalsMolecularEvolution.pdf
http://www.genomics.arizona.edu/553/Readings/Other/Graur_Li_2000.pdf
I have not read the wiki pages on the terms you asked about, but wiki on some other technical topics are questionable. For example, the wiki page of ENCODE reads like it is maintained by the funding director at NIH.
We only talk about Intelligent Design here. Sorry :/
For future readers, see contemporaneous context here: Why Does Biostar Cover Questions on Epigenetics, but not Intelligent Design? :)